SourceS-0009draft
Freedman, Cockburn & Simcoe 2015 — The Economics of Reproducibility in Preclinical Research
References [9]2026-05-030 out · 1 in
Source citation
Freedman, L.P., Cockburn, I.M. & Simcoe, T.S. "The Economics of Reproducibility in Preclinical Research." *PLOS Biology* 13(6):e1002165, 2015. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002165.
Citation: Freedman, L.P., Cockburn, I.M. & Simcoe, T.S. "The Economics of Reproducibility in Preclinical Research." PLOS Biology 13(6):e1002165, 2015. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002165.
Type: Peer-reviewed economic analysis. Method: Combined published reproducibility-failure rates with U.S. National Institutes of Health expenditure data to estimate the annual sector-level cost of irreproducible preclinical research.
Key finding used in this graph:
- Approximately $28 billion per year in U.S. preclinical research consumed on work that cannot be reproduced (E-0007).
Original whitepaper reference: [9]