DNS scale and reliability metrics

ICANN Root Server System Advisory Committee. RSSAC002: Advisory on Measurements of the Root Server System, 2014, and subsequent quarterly reports. Verisign, Domain Name Industry Brief, 2025. Cloudflare, "How Cloudflare analyzes 1M DNS queries per second." Vercara/DigiCert, 2023 DNS Traffic and Trends Analysis (41.97 trillion DNS queries on a single platform in 2023).

Key facts: ~350 million registered domains. Trillions of queries per day across the system. 43 years of continuous operation; never gone down globally.

Use: Tier 3 exemplar for organizational independence at planetary scale. Cited in C-0013 and E-0008.

Original whitepaper reference: [16]