Researcher career timelines (NCSES SED 2023, CGS 2008, Kahn & Ginther 2017, Woolston 2020)

NCSES Survey of Earned Doctorates: 2023 and Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities: 2023 (NSF, 2024-2025); Council of Graduate Schools, Ph.D. Completion and Attrition, 2008; Kahn & Ginther, Nature Biotechnology 35(1), 2017; Woolston, "Postdocs in crisis," Nature Careers, 2020.

Key facts: Median time-to-PhD 7.3 years; ~43% non-completion at 10 years; median postdoc 4.5-4.6 years; ~17% tenure-track placement.

Use: E-0011, C-0017.

Original whitepaper reference: [26]